Description
Metallurgy & Casting Excellence
【Microstructural Engineering 】
Cobalt-base superalloys owe their exceptional mechanical and tribological properties to a unique microstructure consisting of a face-centered cubic (FCC) cobalt-rich solid solution matrix heavily reinforced with a hard, continuous network of primary and eutectic complex carbides (M7C3, M23C6, M6C, where M = Cr, W, Mo).
Cobalt exhibits low stacking fault energy, which restricts cross-slip of dislocations and induces a stress-induced martensitic transformation (FCC to HCP) under mechanical friction or impact. This self-work-hardening mechanism provides extraordinary resistance to metal-to-metal adhesive wear (galling), liquid droplet erosion, and cavitation, even without external lubrication.
| Cobalt—Base Alloy Casting | ||||||||||||
| Trademark | Nominal Chemical Composition(wt%) | HRC | Application | Reference Standard | ||||||||
| C | Cr | Si | W | Ni | Fe | Mn | Mo | Co | ||||
| CAG-Z Co1 | 2.50 | 30.00 | 0.90 | 12.00 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | Bal | 50-56 | Valve seat inserts, bearing, etc. | Stellite 1 |
| CAG-Z Co3 | 2.40 | 30.00 | 1.00 | 12.50 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | Bal | 50-58 | Bearing sleeve, sealing ringside, wear pads, valve balls, etc. | Stellite 3 |
| CAG-Z Co4 | 0.90 | 30.00 | 1.00 | 14.00 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.50 | Bal | 45-56 | Hot impact and hot extrusion die, saw teeth, dry cell die, etc. | Stellite 4 |
| CAG-Z Co6 | 1.20 | 30.00 | 1.20 | 4.50 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | Bal | 38-44 | Steam, chemical valve seat, etc. | Stellite 6 |
| CAG-Z Co12 | 1.40 | 30.00 | 1.20 | 8.00 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | Bal | 44-50 | Extrusion die, brass casting die, etc. | Stellite 12 |
| CAG-Z Co20 | 2.50 | 31.00 | 1.00 | 17.00 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | Bal | 54-60 | Pump sleeves, rotary rings, wear pads, bearing sleeves | Stellite 20 |
| CAG-Z Co21 | 0.20 | 27.00 | 1.00 | — | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 1.00 | 5.50 | Bal | 32 | Hot extrusion die, turbine blade | Stellite 21 |
| CAG-Z Co31 | 0.50 | 26.00 | 1.00 | 7.00 | 10.00 | ≤ 3.00 | ≤ 1.00 | 0.50 | Bal | 30-35 | Hot extrusion die, turbine blade | Stellite 31 |
| *Note: Deloro Stellite is a registered trademark. | ||||||||||||
Casting Capabilities & Precision CNC
| Casting Process | Component Geometry & Scope | Dimensional Tolerance | Key Advantages |
| Silica Sol Investment Casting | Complex 3D geometries, valve cages, saw tips, impellers, turbine vanes (0.01 kg – 50 kg). | ISO 8062 CT4 – CT6 Ra 1.6 – 3.2 µm Near-net shape |
High dimensional accuracy, intricate internal channels, minimal machining allowance. |
| Vacuum Centrifugal Casting | Symmetrical cylinders, bushings, sleeves, extruder barrel liners, sinker roll rings (1 kg – 500 kg). | Wall uniformity ±0.5 mm Ra 3.2 – 6.3 µm (High density) |
Extreme directional solidification, zero internal shrinkage, superior radial mechanical strength. |
| Sand / Shell Mold Casting | Large heavy-duty wear plates, crusher liners, heavy pump casings (10 kg – 800 kg). | ISO 8062 CT7 – CT9 Ra 6.3 – 12.5 µm |
Cost-effective for large tonnage parts and thick-walled high-temperature structural components. |
Key Engineering Advantages
【01 / Hot Red Hardness】
1. Unrivaled High-Temperature Red Hardness
Unlike carbon steels and martensitic alloys that soften above 400°C due to tempering, BLOOM Stellite castings maintain hot hardness (>32 HRC at 700°C) and retain load-bearing strength up to 1000°C under severe mechanical and thermal stresses.
【02 / Anti-Galling Excellence】
2. Superior Resistance to Galling & Adhesive Metal-to-Metal Wear
Low stacking fault energy induces immediate strain hardening on contact surfaces. Outstanding performance in high-pressure unlubricated metal-to-metal slide interfaces, such as control valve plugs, seats, and rotary guide bushes.
【03 / Molten Metal & Chemical Resistance】
3. Resistance to Molten Metal Corrosion & Aggressive Acid Media
High chromium content (up to 33%) produces an impervious Cr2O3 passive film. Exceptional chemical resistance against boiling nitric, acetic, and phosphoric acids, as well as molten zinc/aluminum pot corrosion in steel continuous galvanizing lines (CGL).
【04 / Cavitation Defense】
4. High Cavitation & Particle Slurry Erosion Resistance
The interlocking carbide matrix deflects high-velocity solid particles and absorbs cavitation energy from collapsing micro-bubbles in fluid control chokes, high-pressure throttling valves, and decanter centrifuge discharge ports.
Target Industrial Applications
| Industry Sector | Critical Cast Components | Recommended Grade & Engineered Value |
|---|---|---|
| Severe Service Valves & Flow Control | Valve balls, seats, control plugs, cage sleeves, choke trims, check valve discs. | Stellite 6 / Stellite 21: Eliminates seat wire-drawing, cavitation pitting, and metal-to-metal galling under 600°C+. |
| Continuous Hot Galvanizing Lines (CGL) | Sinker roll bushings, stabilizer roll journal sleeves, guide rolls, scraper knives. | Stellite 6 / Tribaloy T-800: Immersion resistant to 480°C molten Zn-Al bath; service life extended 300%-500%. |
| Polymer Compounding & Pelletizing | Extruder barrel liners, screw tips, feed blocks, pelletizer die face rings, cutter hubs. | Stellite 12 / Stellite 1: Resists abrasive glass-fiber wear, mineral fillers, and corrosive flame-retardant additives. |
| Power Generation & Nuclear | Control rod guide sleeves, steam turbine bypass valve internals, sootblower nozzles. | Stellite 21 / Stellite 31: Cobalt-free or qualified low-trace chemistry, zero thermal fatigue distortion at high temperatures. |
| Pulp & Paper, Chemical Refining | Centrifugal pump impellers, mechanical seal rings, homogenizer valve seats, agitator sleeves. | Stellite 1 / Stellite 6: Resists aggressive black liquor, chlorine dioxide, and erosive cellulose slurry. |
Quality Assurance & Compliance
• Spectrometric Chemical Verification: 100% heat-by-heat Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES) analysis.
• Non-Destructive Testing (NDT): 100% Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT) per ASTM E165; Radiographic Testing (RT) per ASTM E192 / E446 to ensure Class I/II internal soundness upon customer request.
• Precision Dimensional Inspection: High-precision 3D Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMM) and optical profile projectors for complex GD&T tolerances.
• Certified Documentation: Test Certificates (MTC) covering heat chemistry, hardness (HRC), NDT results, and dimensional inspection reports.
• Traceability: Permanent casting heat numbers and laser part-number marking on each individual casting.
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